Upgrade to Himalayas Plus and turbocharge your job search.
Sign up now and join over 100,000 remote workers who receive personalized job alerts, curated job matches, and more for free!
For job seekers
Create your profileBrowse remote jobsDiscover remote companiesJob description keyword finderRemote work adviceCareer guidesJob application trackerAI resume builderResume examples and templatesAI cover letter generatorCover letter examplesAI headshot generatorAI interview prepInterview questions and answersAI interview answer generatorAI career coachFree resume builderResume summary generatorResume bullet points generatorResume skills section generatorRemote jobs RSSRemote jobs widgetCommunity rewardsJoin the remote work revolution
Himalayas is the best remote job board. Join over 200,000 job seekers finding remote jobs at top companies worldwide.
Upgrade to unlock Himalayas' premium features and turbocharge your job search.
Sign up now and join over 100,000 remote workers who receive personalized job alerts, curated job matches, and more for free!
A Veterinary Receptionist is the compassionate first point of contact for pet owners, managing appointments, handling inquiries, and ensuring a smooth, welcoming experience for both animals and their human companions. This vital front-office role keeps veterinary clinics running efficiently, blending administrative skills with a genuine love for animals and dedication to client care. It's a career ideal for those who thrive in a fast-paced environment and want to contribute directly to animal well-being.
$36,930 USD
(U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, May 2023)
Range: $29k - $48k+ USD, varying by experience and location
11%
much faster than average (U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2022-2032)
≈20,200
openings annually (U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2022-2032)
High school diploma or equivalent; on-the-job training is common, with some pursuing veterinary assistant certificates
A Veterinary Receptionist serves as the first point of contact for clients and their beloved pets at a veterinary clinic or animal hospital. They are critical to the smooth operation of the facility, managing administrative tasks, client communications, and ensuring a positive experience from the moment a client walks through the door or calls in. This role is far more than just answering phones; it requires a blend of customer service, organizational skills, and a deep understanding of veterinary practice operations.
Unlike a Veterinary Technician who assists directly with animal care, or a Veterinary Assistant who supports the medical team, the Veterinary Receptionist focuses on the client-facing and administrative aspects of the practice. They are the frontline ambassadors, responsible for client satisfaction, scheduling efficiency, and maintaining accurate records, directly impacting the clinic's reputation and operational flow. They bridge the gap between pet owners and the medical staff, ensuring seamless communication and coordination.
Veterinary receptionists typically work in a busy, front-office environment within a veterinary clinic or hospital. The pace is often fast-paced, with frequent interruptions from phone calls and walk-in clients. Collaboration with veterinarians, veterinary technicians, and other support staff is constant, requiring strong teamwork and communication skills. The work schedule usually involves regular business hours, but some clinics may require evening or weekend shifts, especially in emergency or 24-hour facilities. The environment can be emotionally demanding, as receptionists interact with pet owners during stressful or upsetting situations, requiring empathy and composure.
Veterinary receptionists rely heavily on specialized practice management software such as Avimark, Cornerstone, or Idexx Neo to manage appointments, patient records, billing, and client communications. They also use multi-line phone systems and often employ cloud-based communication tools for client reminders and follow-ups. Standard office equipment like computers, printers, scanners, and credit card processing machines are essential for daily operations. Familiarity with basic office suites like Microsoft Office or Google Workspace helps with administrative tasks and internal communications.
A Veterinary Receptionist acts as the first point of contact for clients and their pets, managing a wide array of administrative and client service tasks. The role requires a blend of organizational efficiency, compassionate communication, and the ability to handle sensitive situations. Qualifications for this position prioritize practical experience and specific soft skills over extensive formal education, though relevant certifications can significantly enhance a candidate's profile.
Requirements for a Veterinary Receptionist vary based on the clinic's size, specialization, and location. Larger multi-doctor practices or specialty hospitals often seek candidates with previous veterinary experience or a veterinary assistant background due to the higher volume and complexity of client interactions. Smaller, general practices might be more open to training individuals with strong customer service skills. Geographic location also plays a role; urban areas with higher competition might prefer candidates with more polished administrative skills, while rural areas may value local community ties and a strong work ethic.
Formal education, such as an associate's degree, is less critical than practical experience and certifications. Many successful veterinary receptionists begin with on-the-job training or by completing a veterinary assistant program, which provides a foundational understanding of veterinary terminology and clinic operations. Certifications in veterinary assisting or veterinary practice management are highly valued, indicating a commitment to the field and a grasp of industry-specific protocols. The skill landscape is continuously evolving, with increasing emphasis on digital record-keeping, online appointment scheduling, and managing client communications through various channels. Candidates must balance foundational administrative skills with adaptability to new technologies and client service approaches.
Becoming a Veterinary Receptionist offers a rewarding entry point into the animal healthcare field without extensive medical training. Pathways vary from direct entry with strong customer service skills to pursuing a veterinary assistant certificate, which can provide a significant advantage. The timeline for entry can be as short as a few weeks for those with relevant experience, or a few months if foundational skills and a basic understanding of veterinary operations need development.
Entry strategies differ based on the clinic's size and specialization. Larger veterinary hospitals or emergency clinics may prefer candidates with some prior medical office experience or a certificate, while smaller general practices might prioritize a friendly demeanor and quick learning ability. Geographic location also plays a role; competitive urban areas may require more polished resumes and interviewing skills compared to rural settings. Misconceptions include believing one needs deep veterinary knowledge; while helpful, the primary focus is on client communication and administrative tasks.
Networking within the local veterinary community, even through informational interviews or volunteering, can uncover unadvertised opportunities. The hiring landscape values strong organizational skills, empathy, and the ability to handle stressful situations with grace. Overcoming barriers often involves highlighting transferable skills from retail, hospitality, or administrative roles, and demonstrating a genuine passion for animal welfare.
Becoming a Veterinary Receptionist primarily emphasizes customer service, organizational skills, and a basic understanding of veterinary clinic operations. Formal four-year degrees are generally not required or expected for this role. Instead, employers often prioritize practical experience, strong communication abilities, and a genuine passion for animal welfare.
Alternative learning paths, such as online courses, vocational training, or even on-the-job training, are highly effective. Specialized online courses or certificate programs can range from $200 to $1,500 and typically take 2-6 months to complete. These programs cover essential skills like scheduling, record keeping, client communication, and basic veterinary terminology. While a bachelor's degree in a related field like business administration or animal science might provide a broader skill set, it often incurs costs of $40,000-$100,000+ and a four-year time commitment, which is disproportionate to the entry-level requirements of a Veterinary Receptionist position. Employers value practical experience and a demonstrated ability to handle the specific demands of a busy clinic environment over extensive academic credentials.
Continuous learning in areas like updated software, communication techniques, and veterinary protocols remains important for career advancement. Many clinics provide internal training for new software or procedures. The most effective educational investment for this role focuses on acquiring specific, job-relevant skills efficiently, ensuring a quick entry into the workforce. The market perception strongly favors candidates who demonstrate excellent interpersonal skills and a foundational understanding of clinic operations, often gained through focused, shorter-term training or direct experience.
Compensation for a Veterinary Receptionist varies significantly based on several factors beyond just the base salary. Geographic location is a primary driver, with higher cost-of-living areas and major metropolitan centers typically offering greater compensation due to increased demand for animal care services and competitive labor markets. Conversely, rural areas may see lower salary figures.
Experience levels dramatically influence earning potential. A Junior Veterinary Receptionist, new to the field, earns less than a Senior Veterinary Receptionist with years of proven client service and administrative expertise. Specialization, such as handling complex scheduling for surgical procedures or managing client communications for a large multi-specialty hospital, can also command higher pay.
Total compensation packages extend beyond the hourly wage. These often include health insurance, paid time off, and retirement contributions like 401(k) plans. Many veterinary practices also offer professional development allowances for continuing education, pet care discounts, and performance-based bonuses, which can add substantial value to the overall package. Negotiating leverage comes from demonstrating exceptional organizational skills, empathetic client communication, and a strong understanding of veterinary practice operations. Remote work is rare for this role due to the on-site nature of veterinary clinics, but some administrative tasks might be flexible. Salary figures presented here are primarily for the United States, acknowledging international variations where compensation structures and cost of living differ greatly.
| Level | US Median | US Average |
|---|---|---|
| Junior Veterinary Receptionist | $32k USD | $34k USD |
| Veterinary Receptionist | $37k USD | $38k USD |
| Senior Veterinary Receptionist | $42k USD | $43k USD |
| Lead Veterinary Receptionist | $47k USD | $48k USD |
The job market for Veterinary Receptionists shows consistent demand, driven by the growing pet ownership rates and increased spending on pet healthcare. The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics projects a steady growth for veterinary support roles, including receptionists, reflecting a stable career outlook. This growth is fueled by advancements in veterinary medicine, which lead to more specialized treatments and, consequently, more complex scheduling and client interactions.
Emerging opportunities for Veterinary Receptionists include roles in large specialty and emergency veterinary hospitals, which require advanced organizational and client management skills. The increasing adoption of practice management software and digital communication tools means receptionists need strong technological proficiency. While automation handles some routine tasks, the need for empathetic human interaction and problem-solving remains critical, making this role relatively resilient to full automation.
The supply of qualified candidates generally meets demand, but practices often seek individuals with strong communication skills and a genuine passion for animal welfare. Geographic hotspots for this role align with areas of high population density and affluent communities, where pet ownership is concentrated. The profession is generally recession-resistant, as pet owners tend to prioritize their animals' health even during economic downturns. Continuous learning in areas like client communication, grief counseling, and veterinary medical terminology is crucial for career advancement and future-proofing in this evolving field.
Career progression for a Veterinary Receptionist typically involves a steady increase in responsibilities, client interaction complexity, and administrative oversight. Professionals can advance along an individual contributor (IC) track, deepening their expertise in client relations and practice management, or move into a leadership track by overseeing other reception staff.
Advancement speed depends on several factors, including the practice's size and structure, individual performance, and the willingness to take on additional training or specialized tasks. Larger multi-doctor or specialty practices often offer more defined progression paths than smaller, single-doctor clinics. Lateral movement might involve specializing in areas like client education, inventory management, or referral coordination within the practice.
Continuous learning in veterinary medical terminology, practice software, and communication techniques is crucial. Networking with other veterinary professionals and participating in industry associations can open doors to new opportunities. Some professionals may pivot into veterinary technician roles with further education, or into practice management positions, leveraging their administrative and client service skills.
Handles incoming calls, schedules appointments, and manages patient check-ins and check-outs under direct supervision. Processes payments and maintains client records. Assists with general office duties, ensuring the waiting area remains tidy. Resolves simple client inquiries and directs more complex issues to senior staff.
Develop foundational skills in veterinary software, appointment scheduling, and phone etiquette. Focus on accurate data entry and basic client communication. Understand common veterinary services and basic medical terminology. Learn to handle routine inquiries and direct calls appropriately.
Ace your application with our purpose-built resources:
Proven layouts and keywords hiring managers scan for.
View examplesPersonalizable templates that showcase your impact.
View examplesPractice with the questions asked most often.
View examplesReady-to-use JD for recruiters and hiring teams.
View examplesA Veterinary Receptionist's role is globally consistent, involving client service, scheduling, and administrative support in veterinary clinics. International demand remains steady, particularly in developed countries with high pet ownership and established veterinary sectors. Cultural nuances affect client interactions, while regulatory differences influence record-keeping. Professionals consider international roles for diverse experiences and exposure to varied animal care practices. No specific international certifications exist, but strong communication and organizational skills are universally valued.
Veterinary Receptionist salaries vary significantly by region, reflecting economic conditions and cost of living. In North America, specifically the US, annual salaries typically range from $30,000 to $45,000 USD. In Canada, ranges are similar, from $35,000 to $50,000 CAD (approximately $25,000 to $37,000 USD). These figures often include basic health benefits and paid time off.
In Europe, salaries are lower in comparison. The UK offers £18,000 to £25,000 GBP (approximately $22,000 to $31,000 USD) annually, often with statutory vacation and pension contributions. Germany's range is about €25,000 to €35,000 EUR (approximately $27,000 to $38,000 USD). Southern European countries like Spain or Italy see lower compensation, around €18,000 to €24,000 EUR, which aligns with their lower cost of living.
Asia-Pacific markets like Australia offer AUD $45,000 to $60,000 (approximately $30,000 to $40,000 USD). New Zealand is similar, at NZD $40,000 to $55,000 (approximately $24,000 to $33,000 USD). These regions often have robust social welfare benefits. Latin America presents much lower salary scales, typically $8,000 to $15,000 USD equivalent annually, reflecting lower purchasing power.
International salary structures differ. North America emphasizes direct compensation, while Europe often includes more comprehensive social benefits. Tax implications vary widely; for example, Nordic countries have higher income taxes but offer extensive public services. Experience and additional skills, like veterinary assistant duties or specific software proficiency, can slightly enhance international compensation, though the role's compensation is generally standardized.
International remote work opportunities for Veterinary Receptionists are extremely limited. This role is inherently location-dependent due to the need for in-person client interaction, managing physical records, and handling animals within a clinic setting. The administrative tasks directly support on-site veterinary operations.
Some administrative tasks, like appointment scheduling or client communication, could theoretically be remote. However, most veterinary practices prefer a unified, in-person front desk presence. Digital nomad opportunities are not applicable to this role due to its physical presence requirement. Employers rarely hire Veterinary Receptionists for international remote work. Any remote component would likely be a hybrid arrangement for local staff, not for globally distributed teams.
For Veterinary Receptionists, immigration pathways are generally limited, as this role is not typically classified as a highly skilled or in-demand occupation for most skilled worker visa programs. Popular destination countries like Canada, Australia, the UK, or the US do not offer specific fast-track visas for this position. Applicants usually rely on general work permits or visas requiring a sponsoring employer to prove no local candidate is available.
Education credential recognition is less critical for this role compared to veterinary professionals, but a high school diploma or equivalent is standard. Some countries may prefer vocational training in veterinary administration. Language proficiency tests, such as IELTS for English-speaking countries, are often mandatory. Typical visa timelines can range from a few months to over a year, depending on the country and visa type. Pathways to permanent residency are challenging without other qualifications or a long-term employment history that might qualify under general economic immigration streams. Family visas for dependents depend on the primary applicant's visa eligibility.
Understanding the current market for veterinary receptionists is vital for effective career planning. This role, central to clinic operations, has seen shifts due to post-pandemic pet ownership surges and broader economic influences.
Market realities vary by clinic size, from small private practices to large specialty hospitals, and by geographic location, with urban areas often having more competition. This analysis provides an honest assessment of current conditions, helping job seekers set realistic expectations for their search.
Veterinary receptionists face increased competition, especially for roles offering benefits. Many clinics prefer candidates with direct veterinary software experience, creating a barrier for new entrants. Staffing shortages in veterinary medicine mean receptionists often handle higher call volumes and more distressed clients.
Economic pressures on pet owners can lead to difficult conversations about costs, adding stress. Entry-level roles can be saturated, making it harder to secure initial positions without prior clinic exposure. Job searches might extend for several weeks due to these factors.
Despite challenges, strong opportunities exist for veterinary receptionists with specific skills. Clinics prioritize candidates who can handle complex client interactions and possess advanced software proficiency. Roles in specialty or emergency veterinary hospitals often offer better compensation and growth, given their unique demands.
Underserved markets, particularly in suburban growth areas or regions with expanding pet populations, frequently present more openings. Developing expertise in specific practice management software or client communication platforms provides a competitive edge. Certifications in veterinary assisting or customer service can also differentiate candidates.
The increasing complexity of veterinary medicine creates a need for receptionists capable of detailed scheduling and client education, making these skills highly valued. Strategic career moves might involve targeting larger, multi-doctor practices or those adopting advanced technologies, as these often seek more skilled administrative support. Investing in communication training or veterinary terminology courses can significantly enhance a candidate's marketability.
The veterinary receptionist market in 2025 shows steady demand, but clinics prioritize efficiency and client communication skills. While overall veterinary services grew post-pandemic, economic tightening in 2024 slightly moderated hiring, though not significantly for support roles.
Technology, particularly practice management software and online booking systems, increasingly shapes the receptionist's daily tasks. Employers now seek candidates proficient in platforms like Avimark or Cornerstone, alongside strong interpersonal abilities. The ability to manage digital records and communicate via various channels, including client portals and text, is becoming standard.
Salary trends for veterinary receptionists show modest increases, largely keeping pace with inflation, but significant jumps are uncommon. Market saturation is more apparent at the entry level, particularly in urban areas, while rural clinics might struggle to find qualified applicants. Remote work is rare for this role, given the need for on-site client interaction and administrative support.
Hiring tends to be consistent year-round, without major seasonal fluctuations. However, new clinic openings or expansions often create localized hiring surges. The demand for experienced receptionists who can handle complex scheduling and client triage remains strong across all regions.
The role of a Veterinary Receptionist is evolving significantly due to advancements in veterinary medicine, client expectations, and practice management technologies. Technological integration and a heightened focus on client experience are creating new specialization opportunities within what was once a largely administrative role. Understanding these emerging areas allows professionals to strategically position themselves for future career advancement.
Early positioning in these emerging specializations can lead to premium compensation and enhanced career growth beyond 2025. These roles often command higher value because they address specific, growing needs within veterinary practices, such as optimizing digital workflows or managing complex client communications. While established specializations remain vital, exploring cutting-edge areas offers a pathway to becoming an indispensable asset in modern veterinary care.
Many emerging areas, driven by shifts like telemedicine adoption or advanced data analytics, are still maturing but are rapidly gaining traction. They are expected to generate a significant number of job opportunities as they become more mainstream within the next three to five years. Pursuing these specializations involves a balance of risk and reward; while they require proactive skill development, the potential for leadership and innovation in a transforming industry is substantial.
This specialization focuses on managing and optimizing a veterinary practice's digital communication channels, including online booking systems, client portals, telemedicine platforms, and social media engagement. As veterinary services increasingly move online, a dedicated Digital Client Experience Coordinator ensures seamless digital interactions, manages virtual waiting rooms, and provides technical support to clients accessing remote care. This role enhances client satisfaction and streamlines virtual appointments, which are becoming standard.
With the rise of pet insurance and complex payment plans, a Financial Client Liaison guides clients through billing, insurance claims, and various financing options for veterinary care. This specialist helps clients understand their financial commitments, assists with claim submissions, and acts as a compassionate resource for managing unexpected or high-cost treatments. This role reduces client stress related to finances and improves payment compliance for the practice.
This specialization centers on managing the vast amount of client and patient data generated by modern veterinary practices. A Data and Records Specialist ensures data accuracy, compliance with privacy regulations, and efficient retrieval of records for appointments, referrals, and audits. They might also assist in generating reports that help practice managers make informed decisions about client flow or service demand. This role is critical for operational efficiency and legal compliance.
As veterinary practices recognize the importance of client retention and community engagement, a Client Relationship Management (CRM) Specialist focuses on building long-term client loyalty. This involves implementing client feedback systems, organizing client appreciation programs, managing loyalty initiatives, and proactively addressing client concerns. They work to foster a positive, lasting relationship between the practice and its clients, going beyond transactional interactions.
Understanding the advantages and challenges of any career before committing is crucial for making an informed decision. Career experiences can vary significantly based on company culture, industry sector, specialization area, and individual preferences. What one person considers a benefit, another might view as a challenge. Furthermore, the pros and cons may shift at different career stages, from early entry-level positions to more senior roles. This assessment provides an honest, balanced overview of the veterinary receptionist role, helping you set appropriate expectations for the day-to-day realities and long-term prospects within this field.
You typically do not need a specific degree to become a Veterinary Receptionist. Most clinics look for a high school diploma or GED, strong customer service skills, and a genuine love for animals. Prior experience in a reception, administrative, or customer-facing role is highly beneficial, as is basic computer proficiency. Some clinics may prefer candidates with a veterinary assistant certificate, but it is not always a requirement.
Landing an entry-level Veterinary Receptionist position can take anywhere from a few weeks to a few months, depending on local demand and your prior experience. You can start applying as soon as you have a strong resume highlighting your customer service and organizational skills. Networking with local veterinary clinics and being open to part-time or volunteer roles can also accelerate your job search.
Starting salaries for Veterinary Receptionists generally range from $13 to $18 per hour, varying by location, clinic size, and your experience. With several years of experience, specialized skills, or management responsibilities, your hourly wage can increase. Many clinics also offer benefits such as health insurance, paid time off, and discounts on veterinary services for your own pets.
The work-life balance for a Veterinary Receptionist can vary. Clinics often operate during extended hours, including evenings and Saturdays, so you may need to work flexible or rotating shifts. While the job is primarily administrative, it can be emotionally demanding due to dealing with sick or injured animals and distressed owners. Managing stress and maintaining empathy are key to a sustainable work-life balance in this role.
The job market for Veterinary Receptionists is generally stable, as veterinary services remain in consistent demand. While it may not be a rapidly growing field, new clinics open, and existing ones always need front-office support. Your job security will depend on your performance, adaptability, and the overall health of the local veterinary industry. Strong communication and organizational skills make you a valuable asset.
Career growth for a Veterinary Receptionist can involve several paths. You might advance to a Head Receptionist, Office Manager, or Practice Manager role within a clinic, taking on more supervisory and administrative responsibilities. Some receptionists use their experience as a stepping stone to become a Veterinary Assistant or Technician after further education or training. Specializing in areas like client education or inventory management can also open new opportunities.
A common challenge is managing emotionally charged situations, as you often interact with pet owners who are worried, grieving, or frustrated. You also need to multitask effectively, handling phone calls, scheduling appointments, processing payments, and managing patient flow simultaneously. Staying organized, maintaining composure under pressure, and developing strong empathetic communication skills are crucial for success.
Remote work options for Veterinary Receptionists are limited because the role requires direct interaction with clients, managing physical documents, and coordinating in-person clinic operations. While some administrative tasks might be done remotely in rare cases, the core functions of greeting clients, handling pets, and managing the front desk necessitate an on-site presence. Most Veterinary Receptionist roles are entirely clinic-based.
Explore similar roles that might align with your interests and skills:
A growing field with similar skill requirements and career progression opportunities.
Explore career guideA growing field with similar skill requirements and career progression opportunities.
Explore career guideA growing field with similar skill requirements and career progression opportunities.
Explore career guideA growing field with similar skill requirements and career progression opportunities.
Explore career guideA growing field with similar skill requirements and career progression opportunities.
Explore career guideUnderstanding where you stand today is the first step toward your career goals. Our Career Coach helps identify skill gaps and create personalized plans.
Get a detailed assessment of your current skills versus Veterinary Receptionist requirements. Our AI Career Coach identifies specific areas for improvement with personalized recommendations.
See your skills gapEvaluate your overall readiness for Veterinary Receptionist roles with our AI Career Coach. Receive personalized recommendations for education, projects, and experience to boost your competitiveness.
Assess your readinessManages a high volume of client interactions, including scheduling complex appointments, handling billing inquiries, and processing payments. Provides detailed information about services and prepares patient charts. Acts as a primary point of contact for clients, resolving most issues independently. Supports veterinary staff with administrative tasks.
Improve conflict resolution and de-escalation techniques for challenging client interactions. Expand knowledge of veterinary procedures, common diseases, and medication names. Develop proficiency in handling insurance claims and financial discussions. Focus on proactive problem-solving and efficiency in daily tasks.
Handles escalated client concerns and difficult situations with professionalism. Trains and mentors new reception staff on practice protocols and client service standards. Manages inventory for front office supplies and assists with ordering. Oversees appointment book optimization and ensures smooth patient flow. Contributes to developing reception policies.
Cultivate strong leadership potential, including delegation and motivational skills. Master advanced practice management software features and reporting. Develop expertise in client education on complex medical topics and preventative care. Focus on optimizing workflow and improving client satisfaction metrics.
Supervises the entire reception team, including scheduling, performance reviews, and training. Develops and implements front office policies and procedures to enhance efficiency and client experience. Acts as a liaison between reception staff and practice management or veterinarians. Manages client communication strategies and oversees patient flow for the entire clinic. Plays a key role in conflict resolution and quality control.
Develop comprehensive understanding of practice financials, budgeting, and revenue cycle management. Focus on strategic planning for client retention and marketing initiatives. Enhance team leadership, performance management, and staff development skills. Pursue certifications in veterinary practice management or human resources.
Learn from experienced Veterinary Receptionists who are actively working in the field. See their roles, skills, and insights.
Compassionate customer service and veterinary receptionist with 7+ years' experience.
Compassionate medical and veterinary receptionist skilled in client care and office systems.
Veterinary receptionist and team leader delivering calm client service and efficient scheduling in animal hospitals.
Veterinary support and sales professional driving client satisfaction and administrative excellence.
Dedicated veterinary assistant with extensive experience in animal care.
Experienced veterinary technician skilled in clinical care and client services.
